Princeton Scientists Find Way To Catalog All That Goes Wrong In A Cancer Cell

A team of Princeton University scientists has produced a systematic listing of the ways a particular cancerous cell has “gone wrong,” giving researchers a powerful tool that eventually could make possible new, more targeted therapies for patients.

“For a very long time, cancer therapies have been developed by trial and error to essentially kill a broad variety of rapidly dividing cells, good and bad — that’s why they have massive side effects,” said Saeed Tavazoie, a professor in the Department of Molecular Biology and the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, who led the research. “The goal of cancer biology is to come up with therapies that are much more rational in terms of attacking the pathways that have been co-opted by cancer cells. The big challenge is to discover these pathways so that we can restore them to their normal state.”

Writing in Molecular Cell, Tavazoie, along with his colleagues Hani Goodarzi, a graduate student in molecular biology, and Olivier Elemento, a former postdoctoral researcher in the department, found they were able to systematically categorize and pinpoint the alterations in cancer pathways and to reveal the underlying regulatory code in DNA. Elemento is now on the faculty of Weill Cornell Medical College in New York.

“We are discovering that there are many components inside the cell that can get mutated and give rise to cancer,” Tavazoie said. “Future cancer therapies have to take into account these specific pathways that have been mutated in individual cancers and treat patients specifically for that.” Read more

New Combination Therapy Could Deliver Powerful Punch To Breast Cancer

A powerful new breast cancer treatment could result from packaging one of the newer drugs that inhibits cancer’s hallmark wild growth with another that blocks a primordial survival technique in which the cancer cell eats part of itself, researchers say.

While they are powerful killers of some breast cancer cells, new drugs called histone deacetylase inhibitors, or HDAC inhibitors, also increase self-digestion, or autophagy, in surviving, mega-stressed cells, Medical College of Georgia Cancer Center researchers reported during the Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics International Conference this week in Boston. The conference is sponsored by the American Association for Cancer Research, the National Cancer Institute and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer.

“To meet the energy demands of growth and survival, cancer cells start eating up their own organelles, so that surviving cells become dependent on this autophagy,” says Dr. Kapil Bhalla, director of the MCG Cancer Center.

“By also using autophagy inhibitors, we pull the rug out from under them. The only way out is death,” he says. Read more